The Secret Life of Starfish: How These Brainless Predators Rule the Ocean Floor

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Starfish (properly called sea stars) are marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Echinodermata. There are roughly ⁠2,000 species of sea stars living throughout the world’s oceans. They are entirely marine animals; none live in fresh water. These resilient creatures lack a brain, true blood, and a heart, relying instead on a highly sophisticated water vascular system. Fascinating Types of Sea Stars

While the classic five-armed shape is the most common, sea stars feature immense physical diversity:

Sunflower Sea Star (Pycnopodia helianthoides): One of the largest and fastest species, featuring ⁠16 to 24 limbs and an impressive one-meter arm span.

Crown-of-Thorns Sea Star (Acanthaster planci): A large, venomous predator covered in sharp spikes that primarily feeds on coral polyps.

Multi-Armed Variants: Some deep-sea and tropical species can grow up to 40 arms. Unique Anatomy and Behaviors

Sea stars operate through a series of bizarre biological adaptations: National Geographic Starfish (Sea Stars) | National Geographic